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Dry forest in Peru

Bosques Estacionalmente Secos, the forgotten forests of Peru

The Peruvian seasonally dry forests are distributed in four geographically distinct regions, each characterized by a distinctive flora. As is the case elsewhere in the Neotropics, depending on the environmental conditions, especially the rainfall regime, Peruvian seasonally dry forests vary from tall forests containing some widespread species also found in rain forests, to cactus-rich scrub.
 
1) The north-western coast and western lower Andean foothills contain the largest expanse of this forest formation in the country. This region has two distinct seasonally dry forest types: the lowlands are overwhelmingly dominated by Prosopis pallida (Leguminosae), whereas forests located on Andean foothills and the Amotape Cordillera are more species-rich.
This region has been the most studied among all seasonally dry forest regions in Peru, in terms of floristics and ecology (Linares-Palomino 2006).

2) Island-like dry inter-Andean valleys in northern (Marañon valley), central (Mantaro valley) and southern Peru (Apurimac valley). This region is characterized by an abundant and diverse Cactaceae family, with the Marañon valley having impressive numbers of endemic species, where 33% of the woody species are endemic (Marcelo Peña et al. 2015).

3) The eastern seasonally dry forests in northern (Huallaga valley), central (Chanchamayo and Ene valleys) and southern Peru (Quillabamba, Yanatile and Yavero valleys), all located east of the Andes and imbedded in a matrix of more humid forests (Garcia Villacorta 2009, Marcelo Peña & Reynel 2014, Huamantupa-Chuquimaco et al. 2017).

4) The central coast in Ica, dominated by Prosopis limensis (Whaley et al. 2018).
 
Additionally, there are seasonally dry forest formations patchily distributed along the southern Peruvian desert coast and remnants of seasonally dry vegetation within the Gran Pajonal and the Pampas del Heath.